CARDIOLOGY 3b
QUESTION: What are the possible causes for heart failure in this patient? the patient has various comorbidities which could have led to a heart failure 1. The patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus 30 years ago and has been taking human mixtrad insulin daily and was also diagnosed with diabetic triopathy indicating uncontrolled diabetes which is major risk factor for heart failure https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5494155/ 2. The patient was also diagnosed with hypertension 19 yrs. ago which is also a risk factor for heart failure https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31472888/ 3. He is a chronic alcoholic since 40 years which is a risk factor towards heart failure https://www.nmcd-journal.com/article/S0939-4753(19)30360-6/fulltext The findings in this article provide longitudinal evidence that moderate and heavy alcohol consumption are associated with decreased LVEF and trend tow...